{"id":4672,"date":"2025-11-22T08:13:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-22T00:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/?p=4672"},"modified":"2025-11-21T20:35:13","modified_gmt":"2025-11-21T12:35:13","slug":"pcb-substrate-selection-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 PCB: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 FR-4 \u0648 PTFE \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 <strong>\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (Dk)<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f (Df)<\/strong>. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"402\" src=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PCB-substrate-1.jpg\" alt=\"\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 PCB\" class=\"wp-image-4675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PCB-substrate-1.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PCB-substrate-1-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PCB-substrate-1-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#Comprehensive_Analysis_of_the_Three_Key_Substrates\" >\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#1_FR-4_The_Evolving_%E2%80%9CAll-Rounder%E2%80%9D\" >1. FR-4: \"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\" \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#2_PTFE_The_%E2%80%9CGold_Standard%E2%80%9D_for_High-Speed_RF_Signals\" >2. PTFE: \"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\" \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#3_Ceramic_Substrates_The_%E2%80%9CUltimate_Solution%E2%80%9D_for_High_Power_and_Harsh_Environments\" >3. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629: \"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\" \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#The_2025_Decision_Framework\" >\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#Handling_Hybrid_Structures_and_Atypical_Scenarios\" >\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#Conclusion\" >\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_on_PCB_Substrate\" >\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 PCB<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Comprehensive_Analysis_of_the_Three_Key_Substrates\"><\/span>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_FR-4_The_Evolving_%E2%80%9CAll-Rounder%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>1. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/products\/fr-4-pcb\/\">FR-4<\/a>: \"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628\" \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>FR-4 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/strong><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 Dk\/Df:<\/strong> Dk ~ 4.2-4.8\u060c Df ~ 0.015-0.025<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c <strong>FR-4 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 Df \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 ~0.008\u060c <strong>\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f PTFE \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a &gt; 170 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629)<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 High Tg FR-4)<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_PTFE_The_%E2%80%9CGold_Standard%E2%80%9D_for_High-Speed_RF_Signals\"><\/span>2. PTFE: \"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\" \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 (PTFE) \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621:<\/strong><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Df \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.0005 - 0.002\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 1\/10 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1\/50 \u0645\u0646 FR-4\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Dk \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631:<\/strong> \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 2.0-3.0\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629:<\/strong> PTFE \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (CTE) \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 30\u066a \u0648100\u066a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a 5G \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a)<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 400G\/800G\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a SerDes \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 112 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Ceramic_Substrates_The_%E2%80%9CUltimate_Solution%E2%80%9D_for_High_Power_and_Harsh_Environments\"><\/span>3. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/products\/category\/ceramic-pcb\/\">\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643<\/a>: \"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\" \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c Al\u2082O\u2083\u060c AlN\u060c BeO) \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621:<\/strong><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (TC):<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 (Al\u2082O\u2083O\u2083) ~ 20-30 \u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0645 \u0643.\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (AlN) <strong>~150-200 \u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646<\/strong> (\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 FR-4).<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 (CTE):<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 CTE \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 LED \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 (LD)<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (IGBT\u060c SiC\u060c GaN)<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"402\" src=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PCB-substrate-3.jpg\" alt=\"\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 PCB\" class=\"wp-image-4676\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PCB-substrate-3.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PCB-substrate-3-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PCB-substrate-3-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_2025_Decision_Framework\"><\/span>\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p><strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628:<\/strong><\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 (SI)\u061f<\/strong><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643:<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\/\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 (\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644)\u061f<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/strong><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u2192 <strong>\u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 FR-4<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>5 - 20 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 <strong>\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \/ \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 FR-4<\/strong>. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 PTFE \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>&gt; 20 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u2192 <strong>PTFE \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646)<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u061f<\/strong><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643:<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\/\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/strong><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2192 <strong>FR-4<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 GaN) \u2192 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 <strong>\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645)<\/strong> or <strong>\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 AlN)<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u061f<\/strong><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0627\u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643:<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/strong><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 SMT \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2192 <strong>FR-4<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 <strong>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 PTFE<\/strong> (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627) \u2192 <strong>PTFE<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u2192 <strong>\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Handling_Hybrid_Structures_and_Atypical_Scenarios\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644.<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 1: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644:<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 <strong>\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 FR-4\/PTFE-\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643<\/strong>. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 PTFE \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 PTFE.<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 2: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/strong><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 PTFE \u0648 FR-4<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 PTFE\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 FR-4\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630:<\/strong> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 (JDM) \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0630\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 TopFastPCB.<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 <strong>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 2025 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643.<\/p><\/blockquote><div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"402\" src=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PCB-substrate-2.jpg\" alt=\"\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 PCB\" class=\"wp-image-4678\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PCB-substrate-2.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PCB-substrate-2-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/PCB-substrate-2-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025\u060c \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \"\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\"\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629\". \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f FR-4\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 PTFE \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643. \u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_on_PCB_Substrate\"><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 PCB<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><div class=\"schema-faq wp-block-yoast-faq-block\"><div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1763727385767\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u0633: \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0646 \"FR-4 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629\". \u0647\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0644\u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 PTFE\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><strong>A:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629. \u0625\u0646 FR-4 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 FR-4\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 FR-4 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648 PTFE \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<br\/><strong>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 PTFE\u061f<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0648\u00a0<strong>\"\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.\"<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 5-20 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 FR-4 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0640\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0or\u00a0<strong>\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a SerDes \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 112 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642<\/strong>\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 Df\/Dk \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0640 PTFE \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 FR-4 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629.<br\/><strong>\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 Df. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u00a0<strong>\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 FR-4 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 PTFE \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1763727394831\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u0633: \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646. \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><strong>A:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f. \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \"FR-4 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\" \u0648\"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\"\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639:<br\/><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 IMS).<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 FR-4. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 LED \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<br\/><strong>\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645: \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643) \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 1-3 \u0648\u0627\u062a\/\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 FR-4 (~0.3 \u0648\u0627\u062a\/\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629.<br\/><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 GaN) \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 FR-4 \u0623\u0648 PTFE. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \"\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\"\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1763727409666\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u0633: \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 PTFE. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 PCB \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><strong>A:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 PTFE \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 FR-4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a:<br\/><strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642:<\/strong>\u00a0PTFE \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u00a0<strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<br\/><strong>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0PTFE \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641.\u00a0<strong>\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u0641\u0631<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642.<br\/><strong>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 PTFE \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (CTE) \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0647 \u0639\u0646 FR-4 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u00a0<strong>\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/strong>.<br\/>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0630\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 PTFE (\u0645\u062b\u0644 TopFastPCB) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1763727430067\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u0633: \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a (Dk) \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><strong>A:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u0627\u060c Dk \u0647\u0648\u00a0<strong>\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629<\/strong>. \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \"\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a Dk\".<br\/><strong>FR-4:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 Dk \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u061b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 4.5 \u0639\u0646\u062f 1 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4.2 \u0639\u0646\u062f 10 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br\/><strong>PTFE\/\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645 Dk \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\/\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<br\/><strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2025:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 Dk \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 - \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f.<\/p> <\/div> <div class=\"schema-faq-section\" id=\"faq-question-1763727448655\"><strong class=\"schema-faq-question\"><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\"\u061f<\/strong><\/strong> <p class=\"schema-faq-answer\"><strong>A:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629. \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u064a:\u00a0<strong>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\".<\/strong><br\/><strong>\u0641\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (BOM) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631.<br\/><strong>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \"\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\" \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644.<br\/><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 FR-4 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b - FR-4 \u0648PTFE \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 - \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 FR-4 \u0648PTFE \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648PTFE\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4677,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[409],"class_list":["post-4672","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-pcb-substrate"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>PCB Substrate Selection Guide: How to Make the Best Decision Between FR-4, PTFE, and Ceramic? - Topfastpcb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u30102025 Authoritative Guide\u3011In-Depth Analysis of Core Differences Between FR-4, PTFE, and Ceramic PCB Substrates. Through decision frameworks, performance comparisons, and real-world application scenarios, this guide empowers engineers to make optimal choices balancing signal integrity, thermal management, and cost. Get professional selection recommendations now!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PCB Substrate Selection Guide: How to Make the Best Decision Between FR-4, PTFE, and Ceramic? - Topfastpcb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u30102025 Authoritative Guide\u3011In-Depth Analysis of Core Differences Between FR-4, PTFE, and Ceramic PCB Substrates. Through decision frameworks, performance comparisons, and real-world application scenarios, this guide empowers engineers to make optimal choices balancing signal integrity, thermal management, and cost. 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Is it the most cost-effective solution?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>A:<\/strong>\u00a0This is a critical boundary question. Low-Loss FR-4 is indeed a significant advancement within the FR-4 family, effectively bridging the performance gap between standard FR-4 and PTFE.<br\/><strong>Can it replace PTFE?<\/strong>\u00a0The answer is\u00a0<strong>\\\"It depends on the application.\\\"<\/strong>\u00a0For signal rates in the 5-20 Gbps range with moderate, but not extreme, loss requirements (e.g., mid-speed channels in high-end switches), Low-Loss FR-4 is a highly cost-effective choice. However, for\u00a0<strong>millimeter-wave frequencies<\/strong>\u00a0or\u00a0<strong>ultra-high-speed SerDes channels of 112 Gbps and beyond<\/strong>, PTFE's extremely low and stable Df\/Dk is fundamental for signal integrity and remains unmatched by Low-Loss FR-4.<br\/><strong>Decision Advice:<\/strong>\u00a0Don't focus solely on the Df value. It's essential to perform\u00a0<strong>channel simulations<\/strong>\u00a0to evaluate its suitability against your link budget and loss targets. In 2025, using Low-Loss FR-4 for less sensitive signal layers in a hybrid design with PTFE is becoming a popular cost-optimization strategy.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#faq-question-1763727394831\",\"position\":2,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#faq-question-1763727394831\",\"name\":\"Q: My project has high thermal requirements, but ceramic substrates are too expensive. Are there any intermediate solutions?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>A:<\/strong>\u00a0Absolutely. Between \\\"Standard FR-4\\\" and \\\"Premium Ceramic,\\\" there is a\u9636\u68af of widely adopted solutions:<br\/><strong>Primary Solution: Metal Core PCBs (e.g., Aluminum IMS).<\/strong>\u00a0These achieve efficient thermal conduction by laminating a metal core (typically aluminum) beneath the FR-4 circuit layer. The cost is significantly lower than ceramic, making it the mainstream choice for high-power LED lighting and automotive power modules.<br\/><strong>Advanced Solution: High Thermal Conductivity Dielectrics.<\/strong>\u00a0Some specialty substrates (e.g., certain ceramic-filled epoxies or polyimides) offer thermal conductivity of 1-3 W\/mK. While not as high as ceramic, this is a marked improvement over standard FR-4 (~0.3 W\/mK), while maintaining the processability and cost advantages of organic materials.<br\/><strong>Ultimate Solution: Localized Ceramic Inlays.<\/strong>\u00a0A small ceramic tile is embedded just beneath the most heat-generating component (e.g., a GaN transistor) in an otherwise FR-4 or PTFE board. This provides \\\"on-demand\\\" thermal performance, effectively controlling the overall cost.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#faq-question-1763727409666\",\"position\":3,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#faq-question-1763727409666\",\"name\":\"Q: I've decided to use PTFE. 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Its different shrinkage rate compared to FR-4 during multiple lamination cycles demands extremely high registration accuracy for\u00a0<strong>high-layer-count multilayer boards<\/strong>.<br\/>Therefore, engaging in pre-production communication with a manufacturer experienced in PTFE processing (like TopFastPCB) to adapt their process to your design is crucial for project success.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#faq-question-1763727430067\",\"position\":4,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#faq-question-1763727430067\",\"name\":\"Q: Is the Dielectric Constant (Dk) a fixed value? Does it change at different frequencies?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>A:<\/strong>\u00a0No, Dk is\u00a0<strong>not a fixed value<\/strong>. The dielectric constant of almost all materials varies with frequency, a property known as \\\"Dk dispersion.\\\"<br\/><strong>FR-4:<\/strong>\u00a0Its Dk value decreases noticeably as frequency increases; for example, it might drop from 4.5 at 1GHz to 4.2 at 10GHz. This instability introduces uncertainty in impedance control at high frequencies.<br\/><strong>PTFE\/Ceramic:<\/strong>\u00a0Their Dk values change very little with frequency, exhibiting high stability. This is precisely why they are indispensable in demanding high-frequency\/high-speed applications.<br\/><strong>2025 Design Implication:<\/strong>\u00a0Always use the Dk value provided by the manufacturer, measured within your target frequency range, for simulations\u2014not just the low-frequency or nominal value.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#faq-question-1763727448655\",\"position\":5,\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#faq-question-1763727448655\",\"name\":\"Q: With an eye on the future, should I choose a more advanced substrate directly for \\\"future-proofing\\\"?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<strong>A:<\/strong>\u00a0This is a classic over-engineering dilemma. Our advice is:\u00a0<strong>Avoid over-engineering; adhere to the \\\"design-for-need\\\" principle.<\/strong><br\/><strong>Cost Trap:<\/strong>\u00a0Using a substrate that far exceeds current performance needs directly leads to soaring BOM costs and may introduce unnecessary manufacturing complexity, sacrificing your product's price competitiveness.<br\/><strong>Technology Iteration Risk:<\/strong>\u00a0Electronics technology iterates rapidly. The top-tier material chosen today for \\\"future-proofing\\\" might be superseded by a more cost-effective technology next year.<br\/><strong>The Right Strategy:<\/strong>\u00a0A wiser approach is to build upgradeability into the initial design at the\u00a0<strong>layout, routing, connector selection, and system architecture<\/strong>\u00a0levels. For instance, even when using FR-4 initially, you can plan for future technology shifts by optimizing the stack-up and reserving space for shielding. 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Is it the most cost-effective solution?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>A:<\/strong>\u00a0This is a critical boundary question. Low-Loss FR-4 is indeed a significant advancement within the FR-4 family, effectively bridging the performance gap between standard FR-4 and PTFE.<br\/><strong>Can it replace PTFE?<\/strong>\u00a0The answer is\u00a0<strong>\"It depends on the application.\"<\/strong>\u00a0For signal rates in the 5-20 Gbps range with moderate, but not extreme, loss requirements (e.g., mid-speed channels in high-end switches), Low-Loss FR-4 is a highly cost-effective choice. However, for\u00a0<strong>millimeter-wave frequencies<\/strong>\u00a0or\u00a0<strong>ultra-high-speed SerDes channels of 112 Gbps and beyond<\/strong>, PTFE's extremely low and stable Df\/Dk is fundamental for signal integrity and remains unmatched by Low-Loss FR-4.<br\/><strong>Decision Advice:<\/strong>\u00a0Don't focus solely on the Df value. It's essential to perform\u00a0<strong>channel simulations<\/strong>\u00a0to evaluate its suitability against your link budget and loss targets. In 2025, using Low-Loss FR-4 for less sensitive signal layers in a hybrid design with PTFE is becoming a popular cost-optimization strategy.","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#faq-question-1763727394831","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#faq-question-1763727394831","name":"Q: My project has high thermal requirements, but ceramic substrates are too expensive. Are there any intermediate solutions?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>A:<\/strong>\u00a0Absolutely. Between \"Standard FR-4\" and \"Premium Ceramic,\" there is a\u9636\u68af of widely adopted solutions:<br\/><strong>Primary Solution: Metal Core PCBs (e.g., Aluminum IMS).<\/strong>\u00a0These achieve efficient thermal conduction by laminating a metal core (typically aluminum) beneath the FR-4 circuit layer. The cost is significantly lower than ceramic, making it the mainstream choice for high-power LED lighting and automotive power modules.<br\/><strong>Advanced Solution: High Thermal Conductivity Dielectrics.<\/strong>\u00a0Some specialty substrates (e.g., certain ceramic-filled epoxies or polyimides) offer thermal conductivity of 1-3 W\/mK. While not as high as ceramic, this is a marked improvement over standard FR-4 (~0.3 W\/mK), while maintaining the processability and cost advantages of organic materials.<br\/><strong>Ultimate Solution: Localized Ceramic Inlays.<\/strong>\u00a0A small ceramic tile is embedded just beneath the most heat-generating component (e.g., a GaN transistor) in an otherwise FR-4 or PTFE board. This provides \"on-demand\" thermal performance, effectively controlling the overall cost.","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#faq-question-1763727409666","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#faq-question-1763727409666","name":"Q: I've decided to use PTFE. Why does the PCB fabricator keep asking for design details and emphasizing process challenges?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>A:<\/strong>\u00a0The fabricator's caution is a sign of professionalism, stemming from the vastly different physicochemical properties of PTFE compared to FR-4. The core challenges are:<br\/><strong>Lamination Bonding Strength:<\/strong>\u00a0PTFE is inherently non-sticky and requires special\u00a0<strong>plasma treatment<\/strong>\u00a0to roughen its surface for strong adhesion to copper foil and other layers.<br\/><strong>Drilling Quality:<\/strong>\u00a0PTFE is relatively soft and ductile, making it prone to\u00a0<strong>drill smear<\/strong>\u00a0and burrs during drilling, which affects hole wall quality and poses challenges for subsequent plating.<br\/><strong>Dimensional Stability:<\/strong>\u00a0PTFE has a high Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE). Its different shrinkage rate compared to FR-4 during multiple lamination cycles demands extremely high registration accuracy for\u00a0<strong>high-layer-count multilayer boards<\/strong>.<br\/>Therefore, engaging in pre-production communication with a manufacturer experienced in PTFE processing (like TopFastPCB) to adapt their process to your design is crucial for project success.","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#faq-question-1763727430067","position":4,"url":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#faq-question-1763727430067","name":"Q: Is the Dielectric Constant (Dk) a fixed value? Does it change at different frequencies?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>A:<\/strong>\u00a0No, Dk is\u00a0<strong>not a fixed value<\/strong>. The dielectric constant of almost all materials varies with frequency, a property known as \"Dk dispersion.\"<br\/><strong>FR-4:<\/strong>\u00a0Its Dk value decreases noticeably as frequency increases; for example, it might drop from 4.5 at 1GHz to 4.2 at 10GHz. This instability introduces uncertainty in impedance control at high frequencies.<br\/><strong>PTFE\/Ceramic:<\/strong>\u00a0Their Dk values change very little with frequency, exhibiting high stability. This is precisely why they are indispensable in demanding high-frequency\/high-speed applications.<br\/><strong>2025 Design Implication:<\/strong>\u00a0Always use the Dk value provided by the manufacturer, measured within your target frequency range, for simulations\u2014not just the low-frequency or nominal value.","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#faq-question-1763727448655","position":5,"url":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/blog\/pcb-substrate-selection-guide\/#faq-question-1763727448655","name":"Q: With an eye on the future, should I choose a more advanced substrate directly for \"future-proofing\"?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"<strong>A:<\/strong>\u00a0This is a classic over-engineering dilemma. Our advice is:\u00a0<strong>Avoid over-engineering; adhere to the \"design-for-need\" principle.<\/strong><br\/><strong>Cost Trap:<\/strong>\u00a0Using a substrate that far exceeds current performance needs directly leads to soaring BOM costs and may introduce unnecessary manufacturing complexity, sacrificing your product's price competitiveness.<br\/><strong>Technology Iteration Risk:<\/strong>\u00a0Electronics technology iterates rapidly. The top-tier material chosen today for \"future-proofing\" might be superseded by a more cost-effective technology next year.<br\/><strong>The Right Strategy:<\/strong>\u00a0A wiser approach is to build upgradeability into the initial design at the\u00a0<strong>layout, routing, connector selection, and system architecture<\/strong>\u00a0levels. For instance, even when using FR-4 initially, you can plan for future technology shifts by optimizing the stack-up and reserving space for shielding. Invest your budget where it creates the most direct value.","inLanguage":"ar"},"inLanguage":"ar"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4672","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4672"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4672\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4679,"href":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4672\/revisions\/4679"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4677"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4672"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4672"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4672"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}