{"id":3653,"date":"2025-07-18T08:28:00","date_gmt":"2025-07-18T00:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/?p=3653"},"modified":"2025-07-17T19:54:51","modified_gmt":"2025-07-17T11:54:51","slug":"how-to-test-resistors-on-a-pcb-board","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-test-resistors-on-a-pcb-board\/","title":{"rendered":"Wie pr\u00fcft man Widerst\u00e4nde auf einer Leiterplatte?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Inhalts\u00fcbersicht<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-test-resistors-on-a-pcb-board\/#1_Safety_Preparations\" >1. Sicherheitsvorkehrungen<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-test-resistors-on-a-pcb-board\/#2_Multimeter_Selection\" >2. Auswahl des Multimeters<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-test-resistors-on-a-pcb-board\/#Recommended_Digital_Multimeter_Specifications\" >Empfohlene Spezifikationen f\u00fcr Digitalmultimeter<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-test-resistors-on-a-pcb-board\/#Range_Selection_Guidelines\" >Leitlinien f\u00fcr die Auswahl des Bereichs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-test-resistors-on-a-pcb-board\/#3_Key_Measurement_Techniques\" >3. Wichtige Messtechniken<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-test-resistors-on-a-pcb-board\/#Offline_Measurement_Recommended_Method\" >Offline-Messung (empfohlene Methode)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-test-resistors-on-a-pcb-board\/#Online_Measurement_Emergency_Method\" >Online-Messung (Notfallmethode)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-test-resistors-on-a-pcb-board\/#4_Error_Analysis_and_Quality_Control\" >4. Fehleranalyse und Qualit\u00e4tskontrolle<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-test-resistors-on-a-pcb-board\/#Common_Error_Sources\" >H\u00e4ufige Fehlerquellen<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-test-resistors-on-a-pcb-board\/#Quality_Assessment_Standards\" >Standards f\u00fcr die Qualit\u00e4tsbewertung<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-test-resistors-on-a-pcb-board\/#5_Advanced_Application_Techniques\" >5. Fortgeschrittene Anwendungstechniken<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-test-resistors-on-a-pcb-board\/#Precision_Resistor_Measurement\" >Pr\u00e4zisions-Widerstandsmessung<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-test-resistors-on-a-pcb-board\/#Special_Resistor_Testing\" >Spezielle Widerstandspr\u00fcfung<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/de\/blog\/how-to-test-resistors-on-a-pcb-board\/#Batch_Testing_Solutions\" >Batch Testing L\u00f6sungen<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Safety_Preparations\"><\/span>1. Sicherheitsvorkehrungen<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>Die Sicherheit hat bei elektronischen Messungen immer oberste Priorit\u00e4t. F\u00fcr PCB <a href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/de\/blog\/the-resistor\/\">Widerstand<\/a> Tests, m\u00fcssen Sie:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Vollst\u00e4ndige Abschaltung der Stromversorgung<\/strong>: Trennen Sie alle Stromquellen, einschlie\u00dflich Batterien und Netzteile, vom Stromnetz.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Entlassungsbehandlung<\/strong>: Entladung von Kondensatoren mit hoher Kapazit\u00e4t (verwenden Sie einen 10k\u03a9\/5W-Widerstand f\u00fcr die Entladung)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>ESD-Schutz<\/strong>: Tragen Sie ein Antistatik-Armband und verwenden Sie eine Antistatik-Matte auf der Werkbank<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Umwelt-Check<\/strong>: Stellen Sie sicher, dass der Arbeitsbereich trocken und gut bel\u00fcftet ist und eine relative Luftfeuchtigkeit von 30-70% aufweist.<\/li><\/ul><blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Profi-Tipp: Warten Sie bei Hochspannungsplatinen (&gt;60 V) mindestens 5 Minuten, um eine vollst\u00e4ndige Entladung sicherzustellen, bevor Sie fortfahren.<\/p><\/blockquote><div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"402\" src=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/test-resistors.jpg\" alt=\"Pr\u00fcfwiderst\u00e4nde\" class=\"wp-image-3654\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/test-resistors.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/test-resistors-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/test-resistors-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Multimeter_Selection\"><\/span>2. Auswahl des Multimeters<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>Die Wahl des richtigen Messger\u00e4ts wirkt sich direkt auf die Genauigkeit der Pr\u00fcfergebnisse aus:<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Recommended_Digital_Multimeter_Specifications\"><\/span>Empfohlene Spezifikationen f\u00fcr Digitalmultimeter<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Grundlegende Anforderungen<\/strong>:<\/li>\n\n<li>Genauigkeit: Mindestens \u00b10,5% + 3 Ziffern<\/li>\n\n<li>Widerstandsbereich: 200\u03a9 - 20M\u03a9<\/li>\n\n<li>Pr\u00fcfstrom: &lt;1mA (zur Vermeidung von Sch\u00e4den an empfindlichen Bauteilen)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Erweiterte Optionen<\/strong>:<\/li>\n\n<li>4-Leiter-Kelvin-Messung (eliminiert Leitungswiderstandseffekte)<\/li>\n\n<li>Auto-Range-F\u00e4higkeit<\/li>\n\n<li>Datenerfassungsfunktion<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Range_Selection_Guidelines\"><\/span>Leitlinien f\u00fcr die Auswahl des Bereichs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Nennwiderstand<\/th><th>Empfohlener Bereich<\/th><th>Aufl\u00f6sung<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>&lt;200\u03a9<\/td><td>200\u03a9-Bereich<\/td><td>0.1\u03a9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>200\u03a9-2k\u03a9<\/td><td>2k\u03a9-Bereich<\/td><td>1\u03a9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2k\u03a9-20k\u03a9<\/td><td>20k\u03a9-Bereich<\/td><td>10\u03a9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&gt;20k\u03a9<\/td><td>Auto-Reichweite<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"402\" src=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/test-resistors-3.jpg\" alt=\"Pr\u00fcfwiderst\u00e4nde\" class=\"wp-image-3655\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/test-resistors-3.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/test-resistors-3-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/test-resistors-3-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Key_Measurement_Techniques\"><\/span>3. Wichtige Messtechniken<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Offline_Measurement_Recommended_Method\"><\/span>Offline-Messung (empfohlene Methode)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Bauteil-Isolierung<\/strong>:<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Verwenden Sie eine Entl\u00f6tpumpe oder eine Hei\u00dfluftpistole, um ein Ende des Widerstands zu entfernen.<\/li>\n\n<li>Bei SMD-Widerst\u00e4nden ein Ende mit einer Pinzette vorsichtig anheben<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Kontakt Methode<\/strong>:<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Widerst\u00e4nde mit Durchgangsbohrung: Sonden senkrecht zu den Leitungen platzieren<\/li>\n\n<li>SMD-Widerst\u00e4nde: Verwenden Sie feine Messspitzen (ideal sind 0,5 mm Durchmesser)<\/li>\n\n<li>Miniaturkomponenten: Empfohlen wird die Verwendung von Testhaken<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Lesen Interpretation<\/strong>:<\/li><\/ul><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Normaler Wert: Innerhalb \u00b1 Toleranz vom Nennwert<\/li>\n\n<li>Abnormale Bedingungen:<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Anzeige \"OL\": Ausfall des offenen Stromkreises<\/li>\n\n<li>Nahe 0\u03a9: Kurzschlussfehler<\/li>\n\n<li>Instabile Fluktuation: Interner schlechter Kontakt<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Online_Measurement_Emergency_Method\"><\/span>Online-Messung (Notfallmethode)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Analyse der \u00e4quivalenten Schaltung<\/strong>:<br>Zeichnen Sie ein Teilschaltbild, berechnen Sie den Parallelersatzwiderstand<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Spannungsabfall Methode<\/strong>:<br>Messen Sie die Spannung (V) am Widerstand und berechnen Sie mit dem bekannten Strom (I) R=V\/I<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Vergleichsmethode<\/strong>:<br>Messung identischer Widerst\u00e4nde in derselben Schaltung als Referenz<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Error_Analysis_and_Quality_Control\"><\/span>4. Fehleranalyse und Qualit\u00e4tskontrolle<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Error_Sources\"><\/span>H\u00e4ufige Fehlerquellen<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Fehlerart<\/th><th>Ebene der Auswirkungen<\/th><th>L\u00f6sung<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Durchgangswiderstand<\/td><td>\u00b1(1-10\u03a9)<\/td><td>Verwenden Sie eine 4-Draht-Messung<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Temperaturdrift<\/td><td>\u00b10,4%\/\u00b0C<\/td><td>Erfassen Sie die Umgebungstemperatur und kompensieren Sie<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EMI-St\u00f6rungen<\/td><td>Zuf\u00e4lliger Fehler<\/td><td>Geschirmte Messleitungen verwenden<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Oxidation der Sonde<\/td><td>+5%-Fehler<\/td><td>Regelm\u00e4\u00dfig die Sondenspitzen reinigen<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quality_Assessment_Standards\"><\/span>Standards f\u00fcr die Qualit\u00e4tsbewertung<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p>Gem\u00e4\u00df der Norm IPC-A-600G:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bestehen: Messwert innerhalb von \u00b110% vom Nennwert (Standardwiderst\u00e4nde)<\/li>\n\n<li>Scheitern:<\/li>\n\n<li>Widerstand \u00fcbersteigt \u00b110%<\/li>\n\n<li>Instabile Messwerte (&gt;5% Abweichung)<\/li>\n\n<li>Physische Sch\u00e4den (Risse, Brandflecken usw.)<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"402\" src=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/test-resistors-2.jpg\" alt=\"Pr\u00fcfwiderst\u00e4nde\" class=\"wp-image-3656\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/test-resistors-2.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/test-resistors-2-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/test-resistors-2-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Advanced_Application_Techniques\"><\/span>5. Fortgeschrittene Anwendungstechniken<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Precision_Resistor_Measurement\"><\/span>Pr\u00e4zisions-Widerstandsmessung<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Konstantstrom-Methode: Verwenden Sie eine 1-mA-Stromquelle und ein hochpr\u00e4zises Voltmeter.<\/li>\n\n<li>Temperaturkompensation: Aufzeichnung der Umgebungstemperatur, Umrechnung nach der Formel R25=Rt\/[1+\u03b1(T-25)]<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Special_Resistor_Testing\"><\/span>Spezielle Widerstandspr\u00fcfung<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Schmelzbare Widerst\u00e4nde<\/strong>: Erfordert \u00dcberstrompr\u00fcfung nach der Messung<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>NTC\/PTC<\/strong>: Messen Sie die Widerstandskurve bei verschiedenen Temperaturen<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Hochspannungswiderst\u00e4nde<\/strong>: Verwenden Sie ein Isolationspr\u00fcfger\u00e4t (500V DC)<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Batch_Testing_Solutions\"><\/span>Batch Testing L\u00f6sungen<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Automatisierte Pr\u00fcfvorrichtung + Multiplex-Scanner<\/li>\n\n<li>Statistische Analyse der CPK-Werte (Anforderung &gt;1,33)<\/li><\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eine professionelle Methode zur Pr\u00fcfung von PCB-Widerst\u00e4nden mit einem Multimeter, die Sicherheitsstandards, die Auswahl von Messger\u00e4ten und spezifische Messschritte umfasst. Diese detaillierte Analyse umfasst Offline-\/Online-Messverfahren, Fehlerquellenanalyse und Qualit\u00e4tsbewertungskriterien in \u00dcbereinstimmung mit IPC-Standards sowie Pr\u00e4zisionswiderstandsmessverfahren und L\u00f6sungen f\u00fcr die Chargenpr\u00fcfung.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3657,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[109],"tags":[325,324],"class_list":["post-3653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faq","tag-resistors","tag-test-resistors"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to test resistors on a PCB board? - Topfastpcb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"PCB Resistor Testing Methods: Multimeter Measurement, Error Analysis Methods, and Quality Control Standards. 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