{"id":4414,"date":"2025-09-30T08:32:00","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T00:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/?p=4414"},"modified":"2025-09-28T17:34:14","modified_gmt":"2025-09-28T09:34:14","slug":"a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Ii. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#1_What_is_PCB_Warping\" >1. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#PCB_Warpage_Standards\" >\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#2_Serious_Impacts_of_PCB_Warping\" >2. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#21_Manufacturing_Process\" >2.1 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#22_Product_Reliability\" >2.2 \u041d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#3_Main_Causes_of_PCB_Warping\" >3. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#31_Material_Factors\" >3.1 \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#32_Design_Issues\" >3.2 \u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#33_Production_Processes\" >3.3 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#34_Storage_and_Environment\" >3.4 \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#4_PCB_Warping_Improvement_and_Prevention_Measures\" >4. \u041c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#41_Material_Selection_Optimization\" >4.1 \u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#42_Design_Optimization_Strategies\" >4.2 \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#Copper_Balance_Design\" >\u0414\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#Structural_Design_Essentials\" >\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#43_Production_Process_Control\" >4.3 \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043c<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#Lamination_Process_Optimization\" >\u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#Key_Process_Control_Points\" >\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#44_Storage_and_Transportation_Management\" >4.4 \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#5_PCB_Warping_Repair_Methods\" >5. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#51_In-Process_Repair\" >5.1 \u0422\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#52_Finished_Board_Repair\" >5.2 \u0420\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#6_Detection_and_Quality_Control\" >6. \u041e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#PCB_Warpage_Detection_Method_Comparison\" >\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#Practical_Quality_Control_Techniques\" >\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/a-comprehensive-analysis-of-pcb-warpage-and-deformation\/#Summary\" >Ii. \u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_is_PCB_Warping\"><\/span>1. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>\u0414\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0448\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c, \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b.<\/p><p><strong>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/strong>: \u0418\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 = (\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0430 \/ (\u0414\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u00d7 2)) \u00d7 100%<\/p><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PCB_Warpage_Standards\"><\/span>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0421\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/th><th>\u0414\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/th><th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0411\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/td><td>\u22640.75%<\/td><td>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 IPC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 SMT<\/td><td>\u22640.50%<\/td><td>\u041c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0438 \u0442.\u0434.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/td><td>\u22640.30%<\/td><td>\u0412\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td><td>\u22641.50%<\/td><td>\u041e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0430<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"402\" src=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/PCB-Warpage-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\u0418\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b\" class=\"wp-image-4418\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/PCB-Warpage-2-1.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/PCB-Warpage-2-1-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/PCB-Warpage-2-1-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Serious_Impacts_of_PCB_Warping\"><\/span>2. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"21_Manufacturing_Process\"><\/span>2.1 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0422\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0430<\/strong>: \u041d\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 SMT \u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u044f\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: \u0421\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0414\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438<\/strong>: \u0414\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \"\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u043d\u0438\".<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"22_Product_Reliability\"><\/span>2.2 \u041d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438<\/strong>: \u0414\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u044f\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0432 \u0448\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0414\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/strong>: \u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0443 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u0438 \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0414\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/strong>: \u0421\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Main_Causes_of_PCB_Warping\"><\/span>3. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"31_Material_Factors\"><\/span>3.1 \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 CTE<\/strong>: \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u043e\u0439 (17\u00d710-\u2076\/\u2103) \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 FR-4 (50-70\u00d710-\u2076\/\u2103)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430<\/strong>: \u041d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 Tg, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0410\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/strong>: \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0445<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"32_Design_Issues\"><\/span>3.2 \u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u041d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438<\/strong>: \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0410\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430<\/strong>: \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043c \u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0427\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b<\/strong>: \u0421\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0441\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0438\u0431\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0427\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430 V-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0430<\/strong>: \u041d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u22641\/3 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"33_Production_Processes\"><\/span>3.3 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p><strong>\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043c<\/strong>:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: \u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u043b\u044b<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430<\/strong>: \u0412\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043c (250-265\u2103), \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0438 (150\u2103), \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c (230-260\u2103)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: \u0427\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong>: \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0443\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0438<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"34_Storage_and_Environment\"><\/span>3.4 \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0412\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/strong>: \u041f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0435, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/strong>: \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 15-25\u2103\/40-60%RH<\/li><\/ul><div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"402\" src=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/PCB-Warpage.jpg\" alt=\"\u0418\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b\" class=\"wp-image-4417\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/PCB-Warpage.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/PCB-Warpage-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/PCB-Warpage-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_PCB_Warping_Improvement_and_Prevention_Measures\"><\/span>4. \u041c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"41_Material_Selection_Optimization\"><\/span>4.1 \u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><p><strong>\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430<\/strong>:<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0421\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/th><th>\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b<\/th><th>\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<\/th><th>\u042d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0411\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/td><td>FR-4 \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c Tg (Tg\u2265170\u2103)<\/td><td>\u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td><td>30% \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043a \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/td><td>\u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 FR-4 (Tg&gt;180\u2103)<\/td><td>\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td><td>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0435<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td><td>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e\u043c<\/td><td>CTE \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e 8ppm\/\u2103<\/td><td>50% \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e<\/td><td>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u041f\u0422\u0424\u042d<\/td><td>\u0412\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u22640,1%<\/td><td>\u041e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"42_Design_Optimization_Strategies\"><\/span>4.2 \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Copper_Balance_Design\"><\/span>\u0414\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0421\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430<\/strong>: \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 A\/B \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 15%<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0417\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438<\/strong>: \u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443 (\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438\/\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u22650,5 \u043c\u043c), \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 30%<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043e\u043d<\/strong>: \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/li><\/ul><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Structural_Design_Essentials\"><\/span>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u041c\u0435\u0436\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441<\/strong>: \u041e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u041f\u041f \u0432 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 1-2 \u0438 5-6 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f\u043c\u0438<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b<\/strong>: \u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u22651,6 \u043c\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f SMT-\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442, \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 3 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 0,8 \u043c\u043c.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0414\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438<\/strong>: \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0425-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b V-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"43_Production_Process_Control\"><\/span>4.3 \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lamination_Process_Optimization\"><\/span>\u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4><p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: 5-10 \u043a\u0433\/\u0441\u043c\u00b2 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u043b\u044b<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0438<\/strong>: 20-25 \u043a\u0433\/\u0441\u043c\u00b2 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: 30-35 \u043a\u0433\/\u0441\u043c\u00b2 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b<\/strong>:<\/p><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0421\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430<\/strong>: \u041c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 1\u2103\/\u043c\u0438\u043d<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 130\u2103\/150\u2103 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 10 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u042d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442<\/strong>: 40% \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u043b\u044b<\/li><\/ul><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Process_Control_Points\"><\/span>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0412\u044b\u043f\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0430<\/strong>: 150\u2103, 8\u00b12 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430<\/strong>: \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u0442\u043a\u0430 (\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u043d\u0430 0,2% \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u043a\u0430)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c<\/strong>: \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0443\u0437\u044b \u043f\u043e 5 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0435 10\u2103 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0438.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043c<\/strong>: \u0415\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0438\u0442, \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/li><\/ol><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"44_Storage_and_Transportation_Management\"><\/span>4.4 \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b<\/strong>: 15-25\u2103, 40-60%RH, \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u226410%RH\/4 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: \u0413\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0443\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u226430 \u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u226420 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442), \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438<\/strong>: \u0412\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0443\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u043b\u044e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0438 + \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043b\u044c (\u22655 \u0433\/\u33a1), \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_PCB_Warping_Repair_Methods\"><\/span>5. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"51_In-Process_Repair\"><\/span>5.1 \u0422\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0412\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/strong>: \u041d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043a, \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0412\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430<\/strong>: \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b Tg \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b.<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"52_Finished_Board_Repair\"><\/span>5.2 \u0420\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0438<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430<\/th><th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438<\/th><th>\u042d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/th><th>\u0420\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0412\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043c<\/td><td>\u041d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td><td>\u0412 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435<\/td><td>\u0421\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043a \u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0443<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0412\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430<\/td><td>\u0423\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td><td>\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435.<\/td><td>\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0413\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043b\u0443\u043a\u0430<\/td><td>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td><td>\u041b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u0435<\/td><td>\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b\/\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><p><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>:<\/p><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u041f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441-\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b<\/li>\n\n<li>\u041e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/li>\n\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a Tg \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043a\u0438.<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0412\u044b\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0418\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0445\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/li><\/ol><div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"402\" src=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/PCB-Warpage-2.jpg\" alt=\"\u0418\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b\" class=\"wp-image-4416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/PCB-Warpage-2.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/PCB-Warpage-2-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/PCB-Warpage-2-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Detection_and_Quality_Control\"><\/span>6. \u041e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PCB_Warpage_Detection_Method_Comparison\"><\/span>\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/th><th>- \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/th><th>\u0421\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/th><th>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443<\/th><th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0412\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440<\/td><td>\u041d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/td><td>\u0411\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0439<\/td><td>\u041d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/td><td>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043e\u0440<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0430\/\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d\u044b<\/td><td>\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td><td>\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td><td>\u041d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/td><td>\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041b\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td><td>- \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c<\/td><td>\u0411\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0439<\/td><td>- \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c<\/td><td>\u041c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 AOI<\/td><td>- \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c<\/td><td>\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td><td>- \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c<\/td><td>\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Practical_Quality_Control_Techniques\"><\/span>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0412\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: \u0421 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0438 + \u0449\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 0,3 \u043c\u043c.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0430<\/strong>: \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433<\/strong>: \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 6 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 (\u043e\u0442\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0394E&gt;5)<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Summary\"><\/span>Ii. \u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>\u0414\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b - \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0421 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445. \u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/p><p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 - \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0439. \u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4419,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[112],"tags":[376],"class_list":["post-4414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-knowledge","tag-pcb-warpage"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>A Comprehensive Analysis of PCB Warpage and Deformation - Topfastpcb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Comprehensive Analysis of PCB Warpage Causes, Standard Requirements, Severe Impacts, and Improvement Methods. 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