{"id":4445,"date":"2025-10-14T08:16:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-14T00:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/?p=4445"},"modified":"2025-10-15T16:37:37","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T08:37:37","slug":"the-ultimate-guide-to-pcb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/the-ultimate-guide-to-pcb\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/printed-circuit-board-pcb\/\">\u041f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a> (PCB) \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0441 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442, \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Ii. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/the-ultimate-guide-to-pcb\/#What_is_a_PCB\" >\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/the-ultimate-guide-to-pcb\/#Core_Functions_of_PCB\" >\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/the-ultimate-guide-to-pcb\/#Complete_Overview_of_PCB_Classification\" >\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/the-ultimate-guide-to-pcb\/#Classification_by_Layer_Count\" >\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0435\u0432<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/the-ultimate-guide-to-pcb\/#Classification_by_Substrate\" >\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/the-ultimate-guide-to-pcb\/#PCB_Material_Selection_Guide\" >\u0420\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/the-ultimate-guide-to-pcb\/#Common_Substrate_Comparison\" >\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/the-ultimate-guide-to-pcb\/#Selection_Decision_Process\" >\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/the-ultimate-guide-to-pcb\/#Golden_Rules_of_PCB_Design\" >\u0417\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/the-ultimate-guide-to-pcb\/#Layout_Principles\" >\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/the-ultimate-guide-to-pcb\/#Routing_Specifications\" >\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/the-ultimate-guide-to-pcb\/#Quality_Control_Full_Process_from_Raw_Material_to_Finished_Product\" >\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u044b\u0440\u044c\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/the-ultimate-guide-to-pcb\/#Common_Defects_and_Countermeasures\" >\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/the-ultimate-guide-to-pcb\/#Inspection_Process\" >\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/the-ultimate-guide-to-pcb\/#PCB_Industry_Chain_Panorama\" >\u041f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_PCB\"><\/span>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>\u041f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043a\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \"\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0439\", \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/what-are-high-frequency-pcbs-printed-circuit-boards\/\">\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/a> (\u0418\u0427\u0420)<\/strong> \u0438 <strong>\u0413\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b<\/strong>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p><p><em>\u042d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a<\/em><\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u042d\u0440\u0430<\/th><th>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0438<\/th><th>\u0422\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/th><th>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1950s<\/td><td>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td><td>&gt;1 \u043c\u043c<\/td><td>\u0411\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 CCL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1980s<\/td><td>2-4 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f<\/td><td>0,2-0,5 \u043c\u043c<\/td><td>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f FR-4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2000s<\/td><td>6-8 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0435\u0432<\/td><td>0.1\u043c\u043c (0,1\u043c\u043c)<\/td><td>\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442<\/td><td>10-20+ \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0435\u0432<\/td><td>&lt;0,05 \u043c\u043c<\/td><td>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"402\" src=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/PCB-Guide-2.jpg\" alt=\"\u0420\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\" class=\"wp-image-4448\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/PCB-Guide-2.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/PCB-Guide-2-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/PCB-Guide-2-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Core_Functions_of_PCB\"><\/span>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong> - \u041e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438; \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <strong>\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430<\/strong> - \u041e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u0430\u043a BGA, QFN.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong> - \u041e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f).<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong> - \u0421\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0435\u0432 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\/\u0437\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li><\/ol><p>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439: \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 <strong>HDI \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f<\/strong> \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e BGA \u0441 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c 0,3 \u043c\u043c \u0432 10-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Complete_Overview_of_PCB_Classification\"><\/span>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Classification_by_Layer_Count\"><\/span>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0435\u0432<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/strong> - \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u0414\u0432\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/strong> - \u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/strong> - 4-30+ \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0435\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0418\u0421 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432)<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Classification_by_Substrate\"><\/span>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>- \u0442\u0438\u043f<\/th><th>\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/th><th>\u0421\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0416\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430<\/td><td>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td><td>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0413\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430<\/td><td>\u0418\u0437\u0433\u0438\u0431\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/td><td>\u041d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rigid-Flex<\/td><td>\u0411\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 3D-\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439<\/td><td>\u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PCB_Material_Selection_Guide\"><\/span>\u0420\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Substrate_Comparison\"><\/span>\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u042d\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u043d\u044c FR-4\n\u251c\u2500\u2500 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u041d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (\u00a580-200\/\u33a1), \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0411\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\n\n\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f Rogers\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0438\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0441 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044c\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (5-8x FR-4)\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 5G, \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b\n\n\u041f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c (MCPCB)\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u041e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (1-3 \u0412\u0442\/\u043c-\u041a)\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u041c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\n\n\u0413\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0434\u0430\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u0412\u044b\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 &gt;100k \u0438\u0437\u0433\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0432\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0421\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/code><\/pre><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Selection_Decision_Process\"><\/span>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435<\/strong> - \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442 &gt;1 \u0413\u0413\u0446 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0438<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b<\/strong> - \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0422\u0413 (&gt;170\u2103).<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong> - \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442<\/strong> - \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 FR-4 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b<\/li><\/ol><div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"402\" src=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/PCB-Guide.jpg\" alt=\"\u0420\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\" class=\"wp-image-4447\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/PCB-Guide.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/PCB-Guide-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/PCB-Guide-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Golden_Rules_of_PCB_Design\"><\/span>\u0417\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/what-is-a-pcb-design\/\">\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041f\u0425\u0414<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Layout_Principles\"><\/span>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/strong> - \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c (\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435, \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c<\/strong> - \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0430.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>\u041e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/strong> - \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/li><\/ul><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Routing_Specifications\"><\/span>\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u0428\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 (1 \u0443\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438)\n\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u252c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510\n\u2502 \u0422\u043e\u043a \u2502 \u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u2502\n\u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u253c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524\n\u2502 1A \u2502 0,5 \u043c\u043c \u2502\n\u2502 3A \u2502 1,5 \u043c\u043c \u2502\n\u2502 5A \u2502 2,5 \u043c\u043c \u2502\n\u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2534\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/code><\/pre><ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440 (\u00b15mil)<\/li>\n\n<li>\u0418\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0432 90\u00b0, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u044b 45\u00b0 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0433\u0438.<\/li><\/ul><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quality_Control_Full_Process_from_Raw_Material_to_Finished_Product\"><\/span>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u044b\u0440\u044c\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Defects_and_Countermeasures\"><\/span>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0422\u0438\u043f \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430<\/th><th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/th><th>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u041e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0438<\/td><td>\u041d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0434\u0433\u0435\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/td><td>\u041e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0418\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430<\/td><td>\u041e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430<\/td><td>\u0423\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td><td>\u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0438<\/td><td>\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EMI<\/td><td>\u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/td><td>\u041e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Inspection_Process\"><\/span>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3><pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0441\u044b\u0440\u044c\u044f \u2192 \u0418\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f \u2192 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c AOI \u2192 \u041b\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\n\u2192 \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u2192 \u0418\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f \u2192 \u041f\u0430\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0448\u0435\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f \u2192 \u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430<\/code><\/pre><p>\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.topfastpcb.com\/ru\/blog\/what-is-aoi-automated-optical-inspection\/\">\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c<\/a> (AOI)<\/strong> \u0441 <strong>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0430<\/strong> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430 &gt;98%.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PCB_Industry_Chain_Panorama\"><\/span>\u041f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e: \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e\/\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0433\u0430\/\u0441\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u2192 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430: CCL\/\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0433 \u2192 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u2192 \u0412\u043d\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e: \u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430<\/p><p>\u041a\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442, \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f 56% \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a HDI \u0438 \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043a, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4446,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[382],"tags":[111],"class_list":["post-4445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pcb-guide","tag-pcb"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Ultimate Guide to PCB - Topfastpcb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A Comprehensive Guide to PCB Design and Manufacturing: From Material Selection to Production. 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